Pharmacological combination of nivolumab with dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: An overview

In the last decade, immunotherapy led to a paradigm shift in treatment of numerous malignancies. Alongside with monoclonal antibodies blocking programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 and cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoints, cell-based approaches such as CAR-T cells dendritic (DC) vaccines have strongly contributed pushing forward this thrilling field. While initial strategies were mainly focused on monotherapeutic regimens, it is now consensual that combination immunotherapies tackling multiple cancer hallmarks can result superior clinical outcomes. Here, we review depth pharmacological DC-based boost tumour elimination by eliciting expanding effector cells, PD-1 inhibitor Nivolumab allows key escape mechanisms. This represents an important step therapy, significant enhancement patient survival several types tumours, paving way establishing combinatorial immunotherapeutic first-line treatments.